Some technical problems with sunflower planting

What is the right climate for sunflowers?

The sunflowers are the warm and hardy crops, and they have a good adaptability to climate conditions. Top layer of soil (0 ~ 20 cm) ground temperature reach 2 ℃, seed bloomed, 4 ~ 6 ℃ can sprout, 8 ~ 10 ℃ can emergence growth, low temperature will make emergence time extended. Moreover, seedlings are also closely related to the quality of seeds, moisture, oxygen and soil composition and structure.

General oil sunflower from emergence to maturity of 5 ℃ or more effective accumulated temperature of 1700 ℃ or so; Edible sunflower from emergence to maturity of 5 ℃ or more effective accumulated temperature of 1900 ℃ or so.

Why do you plant sunflowers in rotation and stubble?

Sunflower will not only make the continuous cropping soil nutrient potassium excessive consumption, in particular, and with many sunflower diseases are the spread of the soil, continuous cropping can make accompanying sunflower, parasitic weed broomrape, sunflower sclerotinia, sunflower moth caterpillar fungus ill harm, therefore, for at least three years of crop rotation, rotation can reduce and restrain the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests, reduce the harm of weeds and parasitic grass, avoid soil nutrient imbalance.

Which herbicides should not be used to plant sunflowers?

Herbicide variety is more, in the manner of use is divided into stem leaf treatment agent and soil closed treatment reagent, generally in soil treatment agent, in the soil applied with effective length, long residual herbicides is called the long residual effect of herbicide. The long-residue herbicide is susceptible to the harmful effects of the latter crop, therefore, the sunflowers should not be planted. The amount of time spent in the soil with different agents is related to the amount of dose and the alkalinity of the soil. Such as corn field application of atrazine (atrazine) 2 kg per hectare, effective component, simazine 2.24 4.48 kg per hectare, effective component processing, after the interval of 24 months after applying pesticide can grow sunflowers. Atrazine is degraded slower in neutral and alkaline soils, postponing the interval. The effective component of the smoke was 0.9kg per hectare, which was 18 months after the drug was given. Soybean fields applied widely consumed per hectare spirit active ingredients (悪 grass loosely) was greater than 0.7 kg, are between 16 months after applying pesticide, fertilizer per hectare chlorine its active ingredients cycling is greater than 15 g processing, after applying pesticide should be between 15 months, active ingredients per hectare use of sulfanilamide grass ether 0.25 kg, after applying pesticide should be interval for 18 months, per hectare use of oxazine grass ketone (cyc) 0.35 0.7 kg, effective ingredients are interval up to 12 months after applying pesticide, fertilizer per hectare imidazole niacin b 75 g (general) straw active ingredients, 18 months after applying pesticide should be interval; In the wheat field, the effective composition of chloropulon is greater than 15 grams per hectare, and the effective composition of methyl sulfonon is greater than 7.5 grams, and the sunflowers can be planted 24 months after the drug is administered.

What kind of soil does the sunflower like?

In the past a lot of places in our country the sunflower in salty soil, sand and drought and this is mainly because it has a strong resistance and economical than other crops. The sunflowers, which are not strict to the soil, can grow in all kinds of soil, from fertile soil to dry land, lean and salty soil. However, there is more potential to increase the production capacity of the land mass with deep strata, high quality of humus, good structure, and safe water protection. The three-dimensional planting pattern of spring wheat, which is arranged in the production practice of spring wheat, can be obtained with better yield and higher economic benefit. To do all in its power to, not with other crops compete well, for are from poverty and becoming rich rush to find the way, should make full use of salt content under 0.6% saline wetlands and hilly dryland cultivation. There is often a market element to consider. In practice, choose the soil to grow.

What is the dormancy of sunflower seeds?

In the case of sunflower seeds, usually 20 to 50 days after harvest. During this time, even the seed germination condition fully, it will not sprout, dormancy is of great significance in biology, it can make the seed has been "sleeping" and wait for normal planting season to germinate. In the season of seed maturation, it is possible to avoid the occurrence of germination on the flower dish, even if it is wet and rainy. The seeds of the anemone seeds will be planted in the year after harvest, and this dormant phenomenon will be passed naturally. In special cases, artificial methods can be used to break the sleep if seeds are sowed or studied using newly harvested seeds. The seeds can be germinated in the right conditions by using the ethylene solution between 50 to 100 micrograms per ml of the seeds for two to four hours. Gibberellin can also play a role in breaking the seed dormancy.

What are the roles of the sunflower seed dressing?

(1) effective prevention and treatment of crop seedlings and pests. The seedling rate can be up to 95%.

(2) promotes the growth of seedlings. The seed that is treated with a germpline is fast, strong and strong, the plant is high, the seedling color is green, the 100 plants are fresh and high, and lays a good foundation for the later growth of the crop. (3) increase crop yields. The coating seeds act as a protection against the growth of seedlings, which can promote crop growth and increase production.

(4) reducing environmental pollution. Using seed coating, the seedling stage applying pesticide way by the open spraying pesticide applying to concealment type, 40 to 50 days after planting generally don't need to prevention and control of spraying, thus delaying the spraying agent time, decrease The Times of spraying and thus avoid the air pollution, reduce the human and animal poisoning.

(5) reducing the cost by means of provincial medicine. The quality of the coating seed is good, it can be sown in intensive quantity, change the traditional agriculture the habit of the quantity, use the plant quantity commonly can reduce a third, the number of drugs is relatively decrease.

What is a sunflower fertilizing technique?

Formula fertilization is the integrated use of modern agricultural science and technology achievements, according to the laws of the crop fertilizer, soil for fertilizer and fertilizer effect performance, on the basis of organic fertilizer, NPK and trace elements of appropriate dosage, and put forward corresponding fertilization technology.

(1) the foundation of fertilizer is mainly agricultural fertilizer. It is best to have a rotten manure. The average field of the field is 1500-2500kg, 000 to 4000kg. The phosphate fertilizer should be approximately 30kg (9 bags/ha) per acre of calcium phosphate and 50 kg (15 bags/ha) per mu. Potash is 50-75kg per acre. But it is not suitable for the use of straw ashes.

(2) the fertilizer should be used in quick effect nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and the dosage should be less and more refined. In general, it is 5-10kg, potassium chloride or potassium sulfate 10-15kg. A hole or a sash is in the sowing trench. (two ammonium, potassium chloride, or potassium sulfate 3-5)

(3) the recovery of the fertilizer and the period of flower recovery.

Seedtime recovery: a well-done spring planting sunflowers usually don't go after the base fat or fertilizer. And the sunflowers that are sown in the summer and autumn will be the seed of the fertilizer.

Flowering: the critical period of the sunflower recovery is before the present. Nitrogen and potash are usually followed by 7-8 leaves, and the fattening of the unfertilized fertilizer should be early.

The fattening average is 7.5 to 10 kg of urea per acre, and 15kg of potassium chloride. To do the same, and then fill the water immediately.