Comprehensive prevention and control of sunflower pests and diseases

Comprehensive prevention and control of sunflower pests and diseases

Sunflowers is one of the main diseases of sunflowers.

First, disease

Sunflowers bacterial disease occurs throughout the entire reproductive period, mainly for stem and flower. At the seedling stage, the plants die when they form flowers and flowers. In the later stages of growth, the disease will be reduced by half, the grain weight and the oil content will decrease significantly, and the shell rate will increase.

Second, the prevention method

Prevention and treatment of sunflower sclerotinia should give priority to in order to prevent, in order to control the ground bacteria source as the foundation, give priority to in order to regulate the ecological environment, by the comprehensive prevention and control of chemical control as auxiliary.

Rotation of the rotation: promoting regional rotation, generally with the crops of the crops;

Selection of seeds: the choice of a coating seed;

Remove the disease strain, remove the disease and the body, dig out the disease strain in the early stage, and reduce the chance of catching the infection from the disease strain as much as possible. To remove weeds and leaves in the field in time to destroy the site of the plant.

4, the depth of the commune gate: sclerotium test results show that in the soil to grow under 10 cm is hard to or not, and in the anaerobic environment can also accelerate the sclerotium rot process. So it's going to be at least 20cm deep.

Regulating the planting period: the sunflowers are the most sensitive stage of the germination of the fungus, and the proper advance or delay of sowing can be staggered at this stage. May 25 - June 5.

Planting in the size of a ridge: the row is about 2.7 feet from a row, and the line is 1.3 feet, and the average mu is about 2,300 plants. This planting method increases the ventilation in the field, reduces the humidity in the field, and controls the germination of the bacterial nucleus, which is the prevention and increase of production.

Sunflowers rust

Sunflowers rust is a kind of disease that develops fast and is widespread and causes losses. Mainly harm sunflower leaves.

First, disease

Sunflower rust occurred at the sunflower leaves, petioles, faceplate, sepals and stem, formation, rust-colored debris from cotyledon expansion when can come on, but the main harm sunflower middle leaves.

The prevention and control of sunflowers rust

Sunflowers rust is an epidemic disease that can cause serious production cuts. So we must strengthen the investigation of rust, according to the illness,'s and climate conditions, comprehensive analysis and development trend of rust prevention and cure in time, the rust destroy between pop.

Eliminate the source of winter bacteria

Sunflower rust teliospore wintering on blade disc and other residues, sunflower scattered after harvest in the field of plant disease leaves residue is the root cause of rust happen next year, so to bring the strain field for deep buried or burned. It is used as a feed or reproducing fertilizer for the shredding of flowers and fragments. At the same time, deep plowing is carried out to bring the residue of the disease from the ground into the ground deep into the ground, thus greatly reducing the amount of the amount of the bacteria in winter.

Choose disease-resistant varieties

The selection of the more disease-resistant varieties is an important means to reduce the severity of the disease.

Strengthen cultural management

First, the wheel is stubble, properly planted, and planted in size. Increased ventilation pervious to light in the field, to increase organic fertilizer, according to the soil fertility conditions, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, increasing boron fertilizer application at the same time, don't use too much fertilizer. In time, the plants should be weeded and drained to improve the resistance of the plants to reduce the onset of disease.

Chemical control

The soil processing: use 70% of the manganese zinc or 50% of the 100 grams of wetting powder and mix the soil in a moderate amount of sand, and then spread it evenly.

A field spray; Use 40 percent of the powder and the spray water for each spray, 25 grams per spray water, and 20 ml per spray water for spray control with 80% of the spray.

The above agent can be sprayed in the early stage of the disease, when spraying, the upper and lower leaves, the leaves, and the back of the leaf are sprayed evenly. For every 7 to 10 days, spray 2 ~ 3 times.

Sunflower borer control

The sunflower borer, also known as the anemone, is a major pest of the larva for sunflowers, sepals and seeds.

Young bug eat by moth into the faceplate, the outgoing center extends gradually, the seeds eaten, in whole or in part to form a shell or deep faceplate, decay will be decayed into many faceplate tunnel, and will bite crumbs and discharge waste filling, pollution faceplate, meet after the rain can cause faceplate and grain mildew rot. A larva can eat 1 ~ 2 seeds and seriously affect the yield and quality of the sunflower.

1, life habits

The sunflower moth occurs one to two times a year and is the most important for the first generation of larvae. In the second generation, the main harm of the sunflowers is not serious.

Control the adult

In July in early August, namely in adult ChengFa period, 8 to 9 PM at night or in cast aerosol spray machine 1 ~ 2 times, with the potion is: available 80% dichlorvos, 0.1 kg per mu drugs; Or use a 20% to kill the chrysanthemum, or 2.5% bromocyanin, 10ml per acre of spray.

Prevention of larva

Seize the larvae have not yet decayed into the grain in the key period, namely, at the end of July, with 90% trichlorfon and cartap 500 times liquid, 50% per mu can spray liquid 50 kg, also can use kill chrysanthemum ester 20% or 20% deltamethrin 300 times liquid to spray. It can also be used to prevent and control 10 percent of cyanthrin oil, which is 40 ~ 50ml per acre, and 75kg of water, which is sprayed during peak spawning season.